EAS Publications Series

Free Access

Editorial

Preface p. 1

P. Kervella, T. Le Bertre and G. Perrin

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360000

Introduction

Betelgeuse – Challenging our Understanding for more than 2000 years p. 5

S.T. Ridgway

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360001

The past and future evolution of a star like Betelgeuse p. 17

G. Meynet, L. Haemmerlé, S. Ekström, C. Georgy, J. Groh and A. Maeder

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360002

Structure and Evolution of Massive Stars

Red supergiants and stellar evolution p. 31

S. Ekström, C. Georgy, G. Meynet, J. Groh and A. Granada

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360003

How the mass-loss rates of red-supergiants determine the fate of massive stars? p. 43

C. Georgy, S. Ekström, H. Saio, G. Meynet, J. Groh and A. Granada

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360004

The evolution of Red Supergiants at very low metallicity p. 51

J. H. Groh, G. Meynet, S. Ekström, P. Eggenberger, C. Georgy, A. Granada and S. Heap

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360005

Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics

Atmospheric structure and dynamics: the spatial and temporal domains p. 59

G. M. Harper

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360006

The Temperatures of Red Supergiants: how cool are the coolest massive stars? p. 69

B. Davies, R.-P. Kudritzki, B. Plez, M. Bergemann, A. Lançon, S. Trager, Z. Gazak, C. Evans and A. Chiavassa

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360007

Direct ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of betelgeuse p. 77

A.K. Dupree and R.P. Stefanik

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360008

Atmosphere tomography of red supergiant stars p. 85

S. Lion, S. Van Eck, A. Chiavassa, B. Plez and A. Jorissen

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360009

The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of Red Supergiants p. 93

B. Arroyo-Torres, M. Wittkowski, J.M. Marcaide and P.H. Hauschildt

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360010

<3D> NLTE line formation in the atmospheres of red supergiants p. 103

M. Bergemann, R. P. Kudritzki, B. Davies, B. Plez, Z. Gazak and A. Chiavassa

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360011

NLTE water lines in Betelgeuse-like atmospheres p. 111

J. Lambert, E. Josselin, N. Ryde and A. Faure

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360012

Spatially resolving the atmospheric dynamics over the surface of red supergiants with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer p. 121

K. Ohnaka

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360013

Turbulent Structure in the Upper Chromospheres of Cool Supergiants p. 131

R.E. Griffin

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360014

Global radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars p. 137

B. Freytag and A. Chiavassa

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360015

3D hydrodynamical simulations to interpret observations of stellar surfaces of red supergiant stars p. 145

A. Chiavassa, B. Freytag and B. Plez

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360016

What is the Origin of the Water Vapour Signatures in Red Giant Stars? p. 155

M. Farzone, N. Ryde, G.M. Harper, J. Lambert, E. Josselin, M. J. Richter and K. Eriksson

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360017

Long-term spectropolarimetric monitoring of the cool supergiant betelgeuse p. 161

I. Bedecarrax, P. Petit, M. Aurière, J. Grunhut, G. Wade, A. Chiavassa, J.-F. Donati, R. Konstantinova-Antova and G. Perrin

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360018

Exploring the water and carbon monoxide shell around Betelgeuse with VLTI/AMBER p. 167

M. Montargès, P. Kervella, G. Perrin and K. Ohnaka

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360019

Mass Loss Mechanism, Dust Formation Chemistry

The chemistry of dust formation in red supergiants p. 175

I. Cherchneff

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360020

Red Supergiants and Post-Red Supergiants – the Evidence for High Mass Loss Events p. 185

R.M. Humphreys

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360021

Dust-forming molecules in VY Canis Majoris (and Betelgeuse) p. 191

T. Kamiński, C.A. Gottlieb, M.R. Schmidt, N.A. Patel, K.H. Young, K.M. Menten, S. Brünken, H.S.P. Müller, J.M. Winters and M.C. McCarthy

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360022

Towards a coherent view at infrared wavelengths of mass loss in Betelgeuse p. 199

P. Kervella, G. Perrin, M. Montargès and X. Haubois

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360023

Mass Loss from Betelgeuse p. 207

A.M.S. Richards

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360024

The kinematics in the large-scale environment of Betelgeuse from radio HI-line observations p. 219

T. Le Bertre, E. Gérard and L. D. Matthews

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360025

The enigmatic nature of the circumstellar envelope and bow shock surrounding Betelgeuse as revealed by Herschel p. 227

L. Decin, N. L.J. Cox, P. Royer, A.J. van Marle and B. Vandenbussche

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360026

The influence of a variable mass loss rate on the dust and gas dynamics in the bow-shock of α-Orionis p. 235

A.J. van Marle and L. Decin

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360027

3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Models of Betelgeuse’s Bow Shock p. 243

S. Mohamed, J. Mackey and N. Langer

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360028

Numerical models for the circumstellar medium around Betelgeuse p. 253

J. Mackey, S. Mohamed, H.R. Neilson, N. Langer and D.M.-A. Meyer

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360029

The SPHERE View of Betelgeuse p. 261

O. Chesneau, H.-M. Schmid, M. Carbillet, A. Chiavassa, L. Abe and D. Mouillet

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360030

Red Supergiants in Galaxies

Red Supergiants in the Local Group p. 269

E.M. Levesque

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360031

The population of M-type supergiants in the starburst cluster Stephenson 2 p. 279

I. Negueruela, C. González-Fernández, R. Dorda, A. Marco and J.S. Clark

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360032

Red Supergiants as Cosmic Abundance Probes p. 287

B. Davies, R.-P. Kudritzki, B. Plez, M. Bergemann, Z. Gazak and C. Evans

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360033

A large population of red supergiants in the super star cluster NGC 1705-1 p. 293

F. Martins, N.M. Förster Schreiber, F. Eisenhauer and D. Lutz

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360034

Spectral classification of very late luminous stars in the Gaia region p. 299

R. Dorda, I. Negueruela and C. González-Fernández

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360035

Summary

Betelgeuse and the Red Supergiants p. 307

J. Th. van Loon

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1360036

EAS Publications Series

Volume 60 (2013)

Betelgeuse Workshop 2012 The Physics of Red Supergiants: Recent Advances and Open Questions

Preface p. 1

Introduction

Betelgeuse – Challenging our Understanding for more than 2000 years p. 5

The past and future evolution of a star like Betelgeuse p. 17

Structure and Evolution of Massive Stars

Red supergiants and stellar evolution p. 31

How the mass-loss rates of red-supergiants determine the fate of massive stars? p. 43

The evolution of Red Supergiants at very low metallicity p. 51

Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics

Atmospheric structure and dynamics: the spatial and temporal domains p. 59

The Temperatures of Red Supergiants: how cool are the coolest massive stars? p. 69

Direct ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of betelgeuse p. 77

Atmosphere tomography of red supergiant stars p. 85

The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of Red Supergiants p. 93

<3D> NLTE line formation in the atmospheres of red supergiants p. 103

NLTE water lines in Betelgeuse-like atmospheres p. 111

Spatially resolving the atmospheric dynamics over the surface of red supergiants with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer p. 121

Turbulent Structure in the Upper Chromospheres of Cool Supergiants p. 131

Global radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of red supergiant stars p. 137

3D hydrodynamical simulations to interpret observations of stellar surfaces of red supergiant stars p. 145

What is the Origin of the Water Vapour Signatures in Red Giant Stars? p. 155

Long-term spectropolarimetric monitoring of the cool supergiant betelgeuse p. 161

Exploring the water and carbon monoxide shell around Betelgeuse with VLTI/AMBER p. 167

Mass Loss Mechanism, Dust Formation Chemistry

The chemistry of dust formation in red supergiants p. 175

Red Supergiants and Post-Red Supergiants – the Evidence for High Mass Loss Events p. 185

Dust-forming molecules in VY Canis Majoris (and Betelgeuse) p. 191

Towards a coherent view at infrared wavelengths of mass loss in Betelgeuse p. 199

Mass Loss from Betelgeuse p. 207

The kinematics in the large-scale environment of Betelgeuse from radio HI-line observations p. 219

The enigmatic nature of the circumstellar envelope and bow shock surrounding Betelgeuse as revealed by Herschel p. 227

The influence of a variable mass loss rate on the dust and gas dynamics in the bow-shock of α-Orionis p. 235

3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Models of Betelgeuse’s Bow Shock p. 243

Numerical models for the circumstellar medium around Betelgeuse p. 253

The SPHERE View of Betelgeuse p. 261

Red Supergiants in Galaxies

Red Supergiants in the Local Group p. 269

The population of M-type supergiants in the starburst cluster Stephenson 2 p. 279

Red Supergiants as Cosmic Abundance Probes p. 287

A large population of red supergiants in the super star cluster NGC 1705-1 p. 293

Spectral classification of very late luminous stars in the Gaia region p. 299

Summary

Betelgeuse and the Red Supergiants p. 307